Gardening Jobs for June

From our friends at The Old Farmers Almanac

Any bedding plants you find for sale can safely be planted outdoors in beds, boxes, or containers.

The pros recommend treating tulips as annuals with the exception of species tulips. Painful as it may be, yank those tulips up, compost them, and plan to plant the bed anew in the fall.

If you long for a hanging basket filled with blossoms, compare prices on different-size plants. It may be more economical to buy several small plants and combine them yourself rather than pay for one large plant. Starting this month, keep hanging plants such as fuchsias well watered and out of direct sun, or their leaves will burn.

Plants that bloom now include balloon flower; Canterbury bells; clematis; coreopsis; delphiniums; English, painted, and Shasta daisies; foxgloves; Oriental poppies; and sweet William.

If you're growing June-bearing strawberries, pinch off all the flowers that bloom the first spring after planting. If not allowed to bear fruit, they will spend their food reserves on developing healthy roots.

Encourage young fruit trees to develop strong limbs and a wider crotch angle by weighing down the branches with clothespins.

Thin fruit trees by leaving 1 fruit approximately every 6 to 12 inches along the branches or 1 fruit per cluster. The higher the leaf-to-fruit ratio, the sweeter the fruit. A standard apple tree should have about 40 leaves for each fruit. Dwarf apples, which usually produce a ration of 1 fruit to about 25 leaves, will yield better-quality fruit when thinned.

Stop cutting asparagus when the yield decreases and the spears diminish in size. Top-dress the bed with compost or well-rotted manure.

Stake tomatoes or build cages around them.

Plant beets and carrots for a late-fall crop.

As the days grow warmer, yank up lettuce that begins to bolt and toss it on your compost pile. Plant another crop of beans in its place.

Thin crowded plantings of lettuce, carrots, beets, and herbs. Give them a good watering when the job is finished to help the roots of remaining plants recover from any damage your pulling may have inflicted.

Religiously patrol your basil plantings and remove all the clusters of flower buds that form at the stem ends the minute you see them forming. This will encourage nice bushy plants and a continuing supply of leaves.

Place beer-filled plastic tubs or saucers in the garden, set level with the soil, to lure slugs to a drunken death. (Studies show they prefer imported beer.) Or place a few old boards in the garden and turn them over every morning to find slugs as they sleep. Dispose of them by dropping them into soapy water or crushing them with a brick.

Mulch around trees to create a safe zone where your mower won't go. Nicking a tree trunk can seriously damage even a well-established tree.

Mow your lawn according to the needs of the grass, not the calendar -- for example, every Saturday. Grasses thicken and provide better cover when regularly clipped at the proper height. Adjust your lawn mower blades to cut the grass at 2 or 3 inches rather than at 1 1/2 inches.

Prune rhododendrons after they flower. On young and old plants, snap off spent flower stalks by bending them over until they break away from their stems. Be careful not to damage growth buds at the base of each flower stalk.

Don't trim iris leaves into scallops or fan shapes after the flowers fade. Leaves carry on photosynthesis and develop nourishment for next year's growth. Cut off brown tips and remove the flowering stalk down to the rhizome. If you're dividing irises, cut the leaves back by about half just before you move them.

If you're growing plants outdoors in containers, don't use a soilless potting mix. Be sure it contains at least half soil. Or make your own blend for window boxes and patio containers by mixing one part compost, one part garden soil, and one part builder's sand.

When shopping at a nursery, don't buy a tree or shrub with a damaged root ball. Inspect it carefully to make sure it is uniform, not crushed, and a good size. For every inch of the trunk, the ball should be seven to eight inches in diameter.

Unless you're working your way through knee-high grass, don't remove those grass clippings from the lawn. Leave them where they fall to filter down to the soil, decompose, and recycle nutrients into the roots.

Attract Humming Birds

KidsGardening.org

Hang some hummingbird feeders around your garden. Place a bit of distance between them, to avoid the squabbles, which can be quite a sight! Powdered “food” formula is available, but you can easily make your own by combining one part sugar to four parts water, and boiling it for two minutes, then cooling and storing in the fridge. Never use honey, which can ferment, or red dye, which can be harmful to the birds.




From our friends at Kids Gardening

Plant Data Base

Here's a really good plant data base.http://www.plantpress.com/home.html We purchased/developed our award winning plant data base with the help of our friends at The Plant Press.

Shade - The Good, The Bad and The Ugly

From our friends at Proven Winners

When a new gardener is envisioning their first garden, more than likely the image in their head is a sun garden.  Sun gardens are crammed with a multitude of colors.  Colors range from the bright and bold, like orange, red and fuchsia to the softer beauty of blues, creams and pinks.  But make no mistake, flower color is the main show and thousands of different plants can play their part. 

However, every gardener is inevitably faced with another kind of garden.  A garden that is more challenging, more subtle than exuberant.  Not less beautiful than that bold sun garden, but a different kind of elegant beauty - this garden is the shade garden.  I think many people approach shade gardening with at least a bit of trepidation, if not fear and loathing.  However, it is best to embrace shade gardening for what it gives you, rather than what it cannot give you. 

During those steamy dog days of summer a shade garden is a refuge from the heat, an oasis in a landscape that can be sun blasted and tiring.  In the middle of summer, just looking at a shade garden can make me sigh with pleasure at the thought of escaping the glare of the blazing sun.  Once you embrace the shady part of your garden as having a wonderful role to play in making the garden more beautiful and user friendly, what was once a chore becomes a labor of love!

The first thing to learn about shade is that not all shade is created equal.  You might say that when it comes to shade there is the good (bright shade, dappled shade), the bad (deep shade, deep tree roots) and the ugly (the dark side of a wall, shallow tree roots).  Fortunately for us, good shade can be quite fun to work with, bad shade can often be turned into good shade and the ugly isn't all that prevalent.  Plus there are strategies to make even these deep shade environments look nice. 

Let's start by defining what shade is.  The rule of thumb for shade is an area that receives less than 4 hours of direct sun a day.  Full shade plants prefer to get little direct sunlight. They like less than 4 hours of direct sun a day and prefer morning and late afternoon sun to mid-day sun. Full shade plants will also do outstanding in dappled shade conditions. An area that will be shaded by a fence or wall will need to get several hours of sun in either morning or late afternoon for plants to do well. Full shade does not refer to dark places - all plants need at least some light. 

There is one other aspect of shade you should keep in mind, shade moves throughout the day as the sun moves across the sky.  It can be easy to over or under estimate how much sun versus shade an area gets.  However, learning how the shade moves across your yard, is a good thing to do. 

Now that we know, in general, what shade is, let's start looking at the different kinds of shade.

The Good

Good shade can be defined as areas that get morning and/or late afternoon sun, receive dappled shade all day and areas that are bright, but not sunny.  These types of conditions create shade that has enough light for a fairly wide selection of plant material to thrive.  Good shade can still be challenging, but usually those challenges can be worked around with relative ease.  Most shade plants will thrive in the conditions found in good shade.

Dappled shade refers to areas where there is a mixture of sun and shade, generally because a deciduous tree is nearby.  Plants in this category are often woodland plants and will do best with almost no direct sun (even morning or late afternoon sun).  The dappled shade area is usually larger than the tree canopy creating it.  Woodland plants thrive on full days of sun that has been filtered by trees. Bloodroot, Aquilegia, Wild Ginger, Wild Violets, Jack-in-the-Pulpit, Heuchera, Hosta and Meadow Rue are some examples of woodland plants.

The Bad

Bad shade could also be called dense shade and can be defined as areas that get no direct sunlight but still get reasonable light, are too dark to be considered dappled shade and/or have complicating factors such as abundant surface tree roots that make gardening difficult.  Because these spots have more limited light, the plant palette is much more refined.  Let me also say that bad shade means that it can be difficult to establish a lush garden under these conditions. 

This does NOT necessarily mean that you want to get rid of all of your dense shade areas, as dense shade can be a haven from the heat of summer.  One type of garden that works in dense shade is a woodland garden. Woodland gardens will largely rely on shrubs and foliage plants installed under a dense canopy of trees.  These gardens tend not to be densely planted and often use mulch to give a uniform appearance in the open areas.  Spring ephemerals, plants that grow and bloom before the trees leaf out in spring are a key element in these garden situations. To best make use of your woodland garden, install some benches or other seating so that you can sit and enjoy your respite from the heat.

Sometimes dense shade can be improved.  If you are going to try to turn bad shade into good shade, the first thing you need to do is identify why the spot would be considered bad shade.  The first thing to come to mind is that there are trees that are creating dense shade conditions.  If you have a deciduous tree or trees creating dense shade conditions, you can usually create good shade by simply trimming off the lower branches to allow more light to penetrate under the canopy.  The tree roots do limit plant selection somewhat, but the light is fantastic. 

If you are gardening under trees, roots are simply going to be a fact of life.  However, not all tree roots are created equal either.  Trees with relatively deep roots, such as Hickory, Oak and Black Tupelo, are comparatively easy to garden under.  Deep-rooted trees are easier to dig holes and plant under.  Shallow rooted trees, fall under the "Ugly" shade category.  When tree roots are a factor, you need to plan on utilizing plants that will tolerate dry shade.

The Ugly

Areas in your garden that are not only shaded, but are dark - are the most difficult type of shade in which to garden.  These areas get no direct sun, not even dappled sunlight.  These spots are usually created by walls or fences, often combined with trees.  While trimming nearby trees can make some difference, these spots usually cannot be turned into bright shade.  If your dark spot is due to a fence, you could opt for a more open type of fence, for example a wrought iron or picket fence rather than one made of solid wood, to help improve the situation.  However, if privacy is the goal of the fence, this is probably not an option.

There is a rather limited plant palette available for these areas.  If you have a dark spot you might want to consider transforming this area using hardscaping.  You could pave it and make it into a seating area or perhaps install a water feature to add ambience.  Using garden art, statuary, outdoor furniture or containers to add color would also be something to consider.  Despite the limited plant palette, a dark corner can be turned into an asset for your garden with creativity and persistence.

Another side of ugly shade is where there are shallow rooted trees, such as Maple, Birch and Beech trees.  Shallow rooted trees have roots very near the surface of the soil, practically on top of the soil.  These very shallow roots make digging holes for planting extremely frustrating, not to mention hard work.  You may be tempted to get around the root problem by installing a raised bed and simply adding soil on top of the roots.  There are two problems with this - first, the roots will eventually grow into this new soil layer.  Second, if you put too much soil over tree roots you can actually kill the tree.  Roots need to breathe and adding a dense layer of soil over the root system limits the oxygen it receives and can over time weaken and then kill the tree.  We will cover strategies for dealing with shallow rooted trees in another article.

The last ugly shade condition are trees with very low hanging branches, such as evergreens that have branches within a foot or two of the ground.  With very low-branched trees, you should probably plan on using mulch rather than planting.  If you do use mulch, do not over mulch.  The recommended mulch depth for trees is two to four inches, which will discourage weeds and improve aesthetics.  Using too much mulch will have the same oxygen reduction effect as adding soil.

Shade gardens can be wonderful additions to any flower garden, you simply have to embrace what shade can bring to your garden

Gardening Jobs for May

Weed perennial beds with special care to avoid pulling up precious self-sown seedlings. When you can tell for sure what's what, pull the weeds and top-dress the plants with compost or rich soil -- just before a rain, if possible.

Provide support for flowers that need it before they start to fall over. Try twiggy prunings or pea stakes for sweet peas and ramblers. Put Grow-thru rings in place for bushier plants such as peonies, balloon flower, and globe thistle.

Spread a little lime or wood ashes around delphiniums and peonies.

Divide late-summer or autumn-flowering perennials. If necessary, go after phlox and artemisia with a sharp spade or even an ax. If delphiniums need to be divided, remove and replant the new little plants growing around the outside of the clump. Discard the hard old heart.

Trim climbing roses and attach securely to fences or trellises.

Scatter crushed eggshells in a thick ring around roses to deter slugs.

Sow annual poppies and baby's breath in borders for midsummer bloom by scattering them between the other plants, covering with fine soil, and tamping down gently.

Prune suckers from fruit trees now before they become established.

Melons often benefit from supplemental warming, such as that provided by growing under plastic. Wait until the transplanted seedlings are established, as they cannot take up moisture very well at first and can easily get dehydrated.

Plant aboveground crops in the light of the moon.

Thin beets and lettuce and use the tiny thinnings to fill in spaces in the row or to start additional plantings elsewhere.

For a crop in two years, plant year-old asparagus roots about eight inches deep in trenches lined with rich compost. Fan out the roots and space two feet apart. Cover gently with good soil.

When potato plants come through the soil, hill them up by pulling several inches of soil around their stems with a hoe to encourage deep roots and keep young potatoes from exposure to light.

Mulch between rows and keep the garden weeded to give emerging seedlings a fair chance.

Get that herb garden started by putting in plants. If you include mint, plant it in a large plastic tub (the kind drywall joint compound or birdseed comes in) with its bottom removed. This will help keep it from invading the rest of the garden.

An established asparagus bed will be ready to harvest. Patrol daily and select spears of about the same size (which will require the same cooking time). If you had trouble locating those first spears, mark the bed with stakes so that you can find them next year.

Watch for signs of drought in plants transplanted from containers. Apply water (not much, but often) close to each plant's stem, where it will percolate down to the root ball. The larger the plant, the longer the recovery period, and the more diligently you need to water. Poke a pointed metal rod into the soil above the root ball. If the rod doesn't penetrate easily, the soil is too dry. If it moves around and feels squishy, the soil is too wet.

Moles generally come calling this month. They're searching for mates and also grubs in your lawn. To get rid of the grubs, apply milky spore disease (Bacillus popilliae or Bacillis lentimorbus), a dust you can buy at your local garden center. Or try a new product called Mole-Med, which has castor oil as its active ingredient. Moles don't like the taste of this any more than you do.

Prune late-flowering shrubs, evergreens, and hedges.

Don't be in a rush to plant tomato, eggplant, pepper, and other heat-loving seedlings if you live where late-May frosts are common. Old-timers will surely wait until after Memorial Day.

Don't cut the leaves off spent spring-flowering bulbs. Dying and yellowing foliage may look unsightly, but leave it in place (and don't tie it up) to help the bulbs ripen for next year's show.

If you have crocuses growing in your lawn, don't mow until their leaves have died down.

Don't force clematis to climb a lamppost or fan trellis. Instead, give it a chance to climb trees, scramble over shrubs, or romp over the ground.

From our friends at The Old Farmers Almanac